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Thought Leadership

Click-Through-Rate: Establishing a Standard for SERP Visibility

Synopsis

Clients are fact-seekers, and we can’t blame them. Every day we face a tug-of-war between ‘what clients want to know’ and ‘what we can actually tell them in confidence.’ It is our responsibility as strategists to present clients with data that brings them value. However, with a constantly changing search engine landscape, it has become increasingly difficult to convey ‘how much’ or ‘how many.’ This POV is aimed at establishing a general click-through-rate (CTR) to help clients understand the impact of organic rankings within SERPs.

What Is Organic CTR?

According to searchenginewatch.com, CTR is defined as the rate at which users click on an ad, expressed as a percentage. This is calculated by dividing the total number of clicks by the total number of impressions (or the total number of times the listing is displayed).

Why Methodology Matters

Many attempts have been made to establish a CTR scale that accurately depicts consumer behavior, but different attempts have yielded different results. Rosetta focused on four studies that spanned a variety of seasons, markets, buyer types, and study durations. They are as follows:

  • Optify study: Studied B2B and B2C traffic across the holiday season of December 2010. This was the only study that provided CTRs through the top 20 search engine positions.
  • Slingshot SEO study: Studied 170,000 actual user visits across a 6-month span from January to July 2011. Provided CTRs for positions 1-10.
  • Enquiro study: Utilized a sample of B2B technical buyers in March 2007. These buyers use online searches to select and screen potential vendors as well as get competitive pricing. Provided CTRs for positions 1-10.
  • Chitika study: Examined Google traffic coming into their advertising network during May 2010. Chitika displays ads on websites, so a “click” was counted when a user landed on a web page and triggered a Chitika advertisement to appear. Provided CTRs for positions 1-10.

In addition to these studies, our team considered incorporating a few others. For example, Cornell University conducted a CTR study in 2004, but our team concluded that this “controlled” study did not adequately predict true user intentions. As a result, we ultimately decided against incorporating additional studies like this because we believe it would have compromised the comparative nature of our data.

Rank CTR
1 29.01%
2 12.82%
3 9.21%
4 6.38%
5 4.85%
6 4.01%
7 3.46%
8 2.99%
9 2.54%
10 2.38%
11 2.18%
12 1.53%
13 1.27%
14 0.93%
15 1.00%
16 1.18%
17 1.30%
18 1.15%
19 1.23%
20 1.49%

Our Click-Through-Rate

In order to account for differences in seasonality, study duration, and methodology, our team took a simple average of each study’s 1-10 CTRs to develop our own CTR chart for positions 1-10.

When developing CTRs for positions 11-20, the data were sparse. Because the Optify study was the only study to report CTR data on positions 11-20 on Google, Rosetta decided to use these data as a base to predict what the remaining studies would have looked like if they had collected through the top 20 as well.

To do this, we calculated the relative differences between the Optify study and the remaining three studies through the first 10 positions. We then applied the degree of difference to the corresponding rank on the second page in order to ‘simulate’ the remaining three studies. For example, Slingshot SEO’s CTR for a number one rank was exactly half that of Optify’s (Figure 1).

Figure 1

Rank Optify (Dec 2010) Slingshot (Jan-July 2011)
1 36.4% 18.2%

To develop a predictive rank for the Slingshot study, we applied this same degree of difference to the corresponding second page placement (Figure 2).

Figure 2

Rank Optify (Dec 2010) Slingshot (Prediction)
11 2.6% 1.3%

We then used this methodology to simulate 11-20 CTRs for the Slingshot study, Enquiro study, and Chitika study.

Lastly, we placed greater weight on Optify’s 11-20 data to account for the fact that the simulated studies were merely predictions and developed average values for 11-20 CTRs.

External Influences

Every search yields different results, so some important factors play into the dynamic nature of CTRs.

  • CTRs will vary depending on presentation of the search results
    • Different versions of search results such as the inclusion of universal results on a search engine results page (maps, videos, images, shopping results, etc) as well as the incorporation of different calls to action in the actual snippet can affect the distribution of clicks.
  • Query length: Our team hypothesizes that the more words there are in the search term, the more likely the first listing gets the click. The Optify study concluded that the first listing for long-tailed terms, on average, gets less clicks than head terms. However, the first page as a whole for long-tailed terms gets more clicks than head terms do. The Slingshot study concluded that this data is volatile and unpredictable.
  • Personalization: Local search, Autocomplete, past CTR. Certain links will gravitate up the list over time.
  • Brand affinity: If searchers have specific biases toward particular brands, we expect CTRs to weigh more heavily toward higher-up on the page.
  • Intent: Users search for many different reasons, from casual research to purchasing products or services. As intentions change, we expect the way users interact with search results will change as well.

Ongoing Testing

As part of Rosetta’s effort to stay abreast with current best practices, identifying factors that influence CTRs is of utmost importance to our team. We are currently testing this at Rosetta.
One way Rosetta is testing this is by looking into the effects of altering the presence of snippets. By gearing ‘calls-to-action’ more toward the target market(s), the average CTRs that we presented will likely be affected. We estimate that better snippets will yield higher CTR regardless of position within the top 5. We can also test the impact of our work against CTRs by shifting the brand placement, “sales-focused” copy, and the introduction of attention-grabbing words like “free.” Using Google Webmaster tools,* we can measure the different factors that impact click distribution.

* Google Webmaster Tools gives only an estimate and will always be experimental in nature.