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Thought Leadership

Value Based Agency Compensation

By Chris Kuenne, Chairman and CEO

The expression, the pendulum never spends any time in the middle, aptly captures the state of affairs in agency compensation.  The interactive and mainline marketing agency industry has at times charged its clients too much for services that technology was rapidly making less expensive to deliver, ranging from media planning and buying to resizing banner ads.  The imbalance between fees and value creation brought us the aggressive sourcing phenomenon led by purchasing officers. They have been charged by senior management to use the same kind of negotiating leverage they had perfected in the purchasing of raw materials and commodity inputs for the manufacturing process.

The commoditization of agency services is the inevitable consequence of the pendulum’s swing of market forces.  However, in accepting this inevitability, we devalue our innovative industry, in which a team of marketers can translate a deeper understanding of a brand’s most valuable consumers into a turn of phrase, a flash application, a mobile application or one of the other miracles of interactive marketing. If we are capable of such creative actions which can actually transform a brand, why should we accept victimization by the mechanical nature of the market’s pendulum?  At Rosetta, we think there is a better way.  Here is our argument and proposal for what we term Value-Based Agency Compensation.

Whether it is called value-based compensation, pay for performance, or incentive-based compensation, just about everyone in the industry understands the premise: agencies are compensated above their basic costs if they achieve or exceed results as measured by agreed-upon metrics.

For the past several years, a number of clients and interactive agencies have strived to devise the right framework for value-based compensation. Several consumer goods companies have announced their participation in such agreements.

  • Deutsch is noted for using a hybrid model approach centered on a performance- based compensation bonus. There is a baseline fee, with the potential for earning incremental compensation, based on a number of agreed-upon standards such as the performance of the advertising, success of strategic projects and how well the agency exceeded expectations. Here, the emphasis is on partnering with the client to drive brand market share level above the annual goal.
  • Coca-Cola began testing value-based models in five markets in 2008 and planned to roll out 35 more markets in 2009. Coke determines the value of the assignment, not the agency.  If performance goals are hit, the agency receives 30 percent profit markup over initial costs.
  • P&G is conducting a pilot in which the brand agency leader gets fees based on the predetermined value of the work to the client – not hours worked.

It is too early to call any one of these a success, but they are clear attempts to create more rational compensation models.

Value-based compensation is a natural occurrence in the industry’s life cycle, coming as both sides strive to determine the best way to focus the client-agency relationship on the highest value-creating initiatives and programs. But developing a new approach to compensation is also driven by the twin challenges of fragmented and constantly changing media and consumers who are ever more difficult to reach. Value-based compensation may well become the catalyst that produces changes leading to greater accountability and more lasting and mutually satisfying business partnerships – as well as greater shareholder value creation for those who hold stock in those clients and agencies.

The value-based compensation disconnect

The best interactive and direct agencies already have the assets that are required for accurate value-based compensation:

  • Measuring Value Created:  Whether it is pay per click search marketing, dropping a cookie and re-marketing to a prospect shopping the brand’s site or advanced on- and off-line customer relationship marketing and loyalty initiatives, direct and interactive agencies can precisely and objectively measure the value they have created for their clients. Possible approaches include cost per prospect, customer acquired and cost per LTV dollar generated.
  • Business & Marketing Acumen: These agencies strive to be a true marketing partner. They convert business objectives into marketing challenges, then transform those challenges into insight- and fact-based creative ideas that drive brand awareness, relevancy, brand advocacy and ultimately, profitable share gain.  Brand advocacy and continuous gains in profitable share are the true drivers of shareholder value creation.

However, today, the traditional compensation model starts with the annual relationship, in which the agency and client agree to the coming year’s goals, tasks, staffing and hourly rate – aided by the client company’s purchasing officer. That rate is generally called the blended rate, an average of all team members’ rates.

This rate conjures up voices from the past, in particular Frederick W. Taylor and his time and motion study approach which analyzed a task to find the most efficient way to accomplish it. The fallacy in these Tayloresque methods is that they severely constrain the time for understanding the client more deeply, for getting to the core of why the client’s product matters and to which consumers, and knowing how to position and communicate its benefits most effectively.

On the other hand, there is no question that the industry has gone through a period of excess, charging premium prices for non-premium work, or simply overbilling for an activity the client chooses not to handle itself. Clients were gouged by a few agencies intent on being overcompensated to a degree that became unimaginable. As we all know, these practices continue to various degrees.

To compensate for what was perceived as over-compensation, the purchasing officer sought that blend between the $500+/hour team member and the $165/hour member. The potential outcome is that the client winds up with a team depleted of the right kind of senior talent and expertise.  All work is treated as a commodity; the agency is de-incentivized to put its best and most creative brains on the assignment; and this limits the opportunity for creation of the breakaway value that leads to profitable share gain.

Calculating the Size of the Prize….and the Price of that Prize

Here are some examples of what just one percent gain in market share – that breakaway value – can mean:

  • If a company in the office services and supplies industry, estimated at $85.6 billion in 2009, gained one market share point, it could lead to $856 million in additional revenue, or nearly $60 million at the industry average EBITDA margin of 7 percent.
  • In property and casualty insurance, a $495.4 billion market in 2007, that one market share point could mean close to $5 billion more in revenue for one competitor in the industry, or $250 million with an industry average EBITDA margin of 5 percent. 
  • For a pharmaceutical operation within the $282 billion (U.S.) market, the one point gain in market share could lead to increased revenue of $2.8 billion or $812 million at an industry average EBITDA of 29 percent.

With scores of millions of dollars in annual profit in play, is the shareholder best served with a pricing scheme in which seasoned business problem solving and creative genius must occur within the predetermined number of clicks of a stopwatch?  At Rosetta, we think not!

It is time for agencies to reassert themselves as the brand-and business-building partner they should be. They should be willing to “co-invest” with their clients by putting a portion of their profit at risk because they believe in their creative marketing solutions. The agencies should also admit to a fact of interactive life – that much of the work related to the web has become a commodity. Granted, the technology requires more work, but not necessarily more thinking. This is work that should be bought at a basic hourly level. 

The blended hourly rate approach, which reduces agency activities to tasks rather than strategic partnering, does have its place: in a mature, commodity-led market. However, interactive marketing is neither mature nor a commodity, given that the right idea, executed and managed brilliantly, can generate hundreds of millions of dollars in shareholder value.

The Rosetta Perspective

We believe agencies must take back the role of the invested, expert marketing partner to reverse the commoditization of our industry.  In our experience, there are a number of contextual factors that define the ideal client circumstances for an effective value-based client/agency relationship:

  1. The industry.  The client must be in a market-driven industry where innovation can have an impact. It is unlikely, for example, that manufacturers of peanut butter or toothpaste – products for which there is finite demand – would ever benefit from value-based compensation. On the other hand, a new hypertensive drug in which great investments have been made, and which would be at the high end of pricing, provides the perfect scenario for this approach. Connecting to the right consumer is critical, and doing so could easily generate that 1 percent breakaway value.
  2. Control issues. There must be checks and balances that work for both sides. The client should be comfortable making rational control allocations. This does not mean handing over the keys but the client should be able to grant the agency a level of freedom that may, at first, feel uncomfortable.  To achieve success, the client must be able and willing to at least “lend” the keys to the agency. Simply put, if the client doesn’t let the agency drive the car, then performance can’t be based on how fast the car moves.
  3. CMO with a mandate. Additionally, the chief marketing officer should have the license to make significant changes and have full executive support for taking new approaches. If that is not the case, the value-based compensation partnership will be a painful experience for all parties.
  4. Open culture.  If a client is interested in value-based compensation, it is likely one that believes in rewarding contributions and creativity. This kind of client is probably already using an agency scorecard and understands the value of measurement to gauge success. The ideal client probably would not leave decisions about agency compensation to a procurement officer.

The agency that chooses to offer value-based compensation options also requires a certain personality.

  1. Healthy obsessions. The agency needs a workforce that is obsessive about breakthrough results. It should have a management that knows how to incent and to create the working environment that encourages the account team to achieve client delight.
  2. Metrics-based.  Measurement is imperative. But it also takes skill in conveying to the client why specific metrics are the ones that matter; why they should be the determinant of success.
  3. Skilled at safe bets. For the sake of the agency’s bottom line, there should be a culture of smart risk taking. You can’t bet the agency’s profits on anything that isn’t a sure bet. That means knowing the industry, and brand, better than the client does. Smaller, more entrepreneurial agencies are also more likely to embrace these compensation options. An agency that is part of a publicly traded company is likely to find it more difficult, if not impossible, to take these kinds of risks.

The Rosetta Proposal

Rosetta has constructed an environment and rules of engagement that form the foundation for our approach to a value-based relationship. We start with formation of the Rosetta Client Service Team which meshes with the client marketing team to build a culture of continuous improvement. This team demonstrates the ideal: democratization of agencies in which everyone sits at the same table to achieve what’s best for the client, including R&D, analysts, creatives, technologists, account managers and brand stewards. These steps have led to strong partnerships with clients, because we have demonstrated that everything we do is in the client’s best interest.

Just as important, we put skin in the game. In implementing value-based plans, we create specific compensation structures for each element of the work we do. We see it as a spectrum.

At the one end we have straightforward projects that are part of any relationship. There is a well-defined assignment that requires thoughtful and expert execution but it is a relatively routine task. In this case we bill time and materials at a competitive rate.

At the other end is the innovative breakthrough work that will bump the brand to the next level of revenue. This is the sort of work that requires genius – work that cannot be achieved to the strains of a ticking stopwatch. It is the nexus of identifying the business opportunity, linking it to consumer need and then melding that to the art of the idea. It’s the ultimate challenge for an agency, to develop a category-defining concept that is then pushed to the ultimate level of execution.

Here are two examples of creative work that illustrate the magic to which agencies – and their clients – aspire.

  • The first is a more traditional one, the MasterCard “Priceless” campaign, which has been running since 1997. McCann took an undefined credit card and differentiated it, helping consumers see that a simple credit card transaction can be transformed into an act of wonder, a moment to remember long after the purchase. Those involved the “Priceless” creation said they listened to the consumer, for a sense of what they think and feel. The result was one of those once or twice in a marketing lifetime events when a strategy became a platform and then a global brand platform. Even more amazing, it still seems fresh after 13 years.
  • Fiat’s ecoDrive campaign was an industry first that demonstrated the power of interactive technologies and its impact on brand perception, awareness and performance. It centered on consumer empowerment by featuring technology that allowed consumers to analyze their personal driving style (acceleration, deceleration, gear changes, speed, etc.) via a USB port in every Fiat. Once the USB was plugged into the consumer’s computer, the driving data was uploaded to a microsite where drivers could see where they were being efficient and where they were being wasteful. A customized tutorial was then created to help them maximize the positives and minimize the negatives, thus making them a more eco-friendly driver.

We have found that central to our success is working with the client to create a collaborative environment. Without understanding and trust on both sides, value-based compensation will fail or at minimum not lead to the long-term relationship that should be the goal of this approach. It is also up to us to build in measurement and adjustment. If we are achieving the top tier of performance, then we must raise the bar. “Promise, test, measure, continue” has become our mantra. There’s no time to rest on laurels.

If we have done our job right, by the second year, we have demonstrated our capabilities and kept our promises. That positions Rosetta to move up the trust gradient and expand the set of initiatives that has been proven to drive material business impact, resulting in even greater results that drive base fees and bonuses. Our willingness to take a risk grants us an unusual degree of freedom and allows us to be properly rewarded for the strong business impact we achieved.

Future of value-based compensation

The environment has shifted and today we see an industry ready to accept changes in what had become a hidebound method of compensation. Both clients and agencies are more interested in exploring and participating in this kind of collaborative, integrated approach and sharing of the upside. Yet value-based compensation is unlikely to become the industry standard. That would deny the premise that exceptional outcomes should be rewarded.

However, the top interactive agencies will be offering value-based compensation as one of their primary compensation options. If, in the next several years, 30 percent of the top agencies’ client revenue comes from value-based compensation partnerships, this lengthy and sometimes rocky process in creating a new compensation model will prove to have been a catalyst for increased – and needed – accountability in our industry.

Long-term, this model should enhance the health of the client/agency relationship, leading to more effective brand building programs generated by the leading agencies and the compensation that rewards such value creation, thereby reversing the commodity doom loop in which the industry currently finds itself. While we can’t control the physics of the pendulum, forays into a brave new world of compensation should benefit all client/agency partnerships, ultimately yielding a more productive equilibrium.